AMD Sensor

AMD Sensor is a genetic test using an oral swab to analyse genetic variants associated with a higher risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This is a disease of the macula, the central part of the retina, which gradually weakens central vision after age 50. The test shows genetic susceptibility, but does not establish a diagnosis or tell whether you will develop the disease.

Who the test is intended for

• people whose parent, brother or sister has had macular degeneration and who want to know more about their own susceptibility;
• people who want additional information for discussing eye examinations with their doctor;
• smokers and former smokers concerned about their vision, because smoking is the most important modifiable risk factor;
• people interested in dietary recommendations for retinal health.

The test is not needed to diagnose or treat AMD. The American Academy of Ophthalmology does not recommend routine genetic testing for this disease because it has not yet been demonstrated that the report changes examinations or treatment. It is advisable to decide about testing with an ophthalmologist.

What the test reveals

According to the test description, AMD Sensor analyses selected genetic variants (polymorphisms) associated with a higher risk of AMD. Request the exact list of genes and variants included in the test before testing.

AMD risk is affected by many genes as well as age, smoking, diet and family history. Many carriers of risk variants never develop the disease, and someone without them can also develop AMD. The report contains a susceptibility assessment and general recommendations on eye examinations and diet. We explain how genes affect disease risk in the article How genes affect our health.

What the test involves and how to prepare

The sample is an oral swab: a swab is passed several times over the inside of the cheek. The procedure is painless, takes a minute or two and does not require blood collection. For 30 minutes before swab collection, do not eat, drink anything except water, smoke or chew gum.

What your result means

• Increased genetic susceptibility: you carry one or more risk variants. This does not mean you have AMD or will develop it. The most helpful measures are not smoking, eating plenty of green leafy vegetables and fish, and attending eye examinations recommended by an ophthalmologist.
• Usual or lower susceptibility: does not rule out AMD, because risk increases with age and depends on other factors. Eye examinations in older age remain important.
• Antioxidant recommendations: the report may mention beta-carotene, vitamins C and E and omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA. Supplements have slowed disease progression in people who already have intermediate AMD, but have not been shown to prevent disease in healthy people. In the AREDS2 study, omega-3 fatty acids provided no additional benefit, while beta-carotene is not recommended for smokers and former smokers. Take supplements only on the advice of an ophthalmologist, who decides about them, as about examinations, based on eye findings rather than genetic results.

The doctor or ophthalmologist interprets the report alongside your age, family history and eye examination. Free genetic counselling is also available with the report. If you notice straight lines appearing distorted, a dark or blurred spot in the centre of your vision, or rapidly worsening vision, contact an ophthalmologist or emergency department immediately. For sudden vision loss with arm or leg weakness or speech problems, call 194 or 112 immediately.

How to arrange testing

The test is performed without a referral or appointment: a nurse takes the swab at any of our branches (listed on the Contact page). Prices for all tests and panels are available in the price list, and other genetic tests are described on the Genetic tests at Poliklinika Analiza.

Frequently asked questions

Does increased susceptibility mean I will lose my sight?

No. The report concerns probability, not destiny. Even when it develops, AMD affects central vision, while peripheral vision usually remains preserved.

Can I reduce my risk of macular degeneration?

Partly. Most importantly, do not smoke; a diet rich in vegetables and fish and regular physical activity also help.

Does the test make sense if I already have AMD?

An ophthalmologist manages diagnosis and treatment based on the eye examination. A genetic result does not currently change treatment, so discuss with them whether you need the test.

Does the test need repeating?

No. Genes do not change throughout life, so the report remains valid permanently. Only knowledge about how individual variants are interpreted may change.