DESCRIPTION:
Proteins are the building blocks of the human body. They are very diverse but specific to individual organs and tissues. They are composed of amino acids interconnected by peptide bonds. Proteins are characterized by their nitrogen content in a constant ratio of approximately 16% of total proteins. According to their composition, proteins are divided into simple and complex. Simple proteins are composed only of amino acids, while complex proteins, in addition to their protein structure, contain a so-called non-protein or prosthetic group. Proteins are named according to their prosthetic group, e.g., glycoproteins, lipoproteins, hemoproteins.
DETERMINATION:
The method used to determine serum proteins is the biuret method. The sample for analysis is serum or heparinized plasma. Sample stability is one month at 2°C to 8°C.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:
1) Physiological changes in total protein concentration After strenuous physical activity, serum protein values transiently increase up to +10% 2) Pathological changes in total protein concentration A) Increased total protein concentration values in: Liver cirrhosis / Pheochromocytoma / Cholelithiasis / Leishmaniasis / Macroglobulinemia / Multiple myeloma / Rheumatic fever B) Decreased total protein concentration values in: Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis / Amyloidosis / Analbuminemia / Diabetes mellitus / Eclampsia / Epidemic typhus (in severe cases) / Gastritis / Glomerulonephritis / Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) / Hepatolenticular degeneration / Hodgkin’s disease / Carcinoma in the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, colon, rectum, etc.) / Chronic lymphocytic leukemia / Chronic renal failure / Malaria / Nephrotic syndrome / Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma / Pre-eclampsia / Toxic hepatitis / Trauma / Ulcerative colitis / Whipple’s disease
RISK FACTORS:
Decreased values:
Season: summer Oral contraceptives Low-protein diet Obesity Pregnancy
Increased values:
Dehydration Stress Blood collected with anticoagulant Sample desiccation Lipemia Bilirubinemia > 300 μmol/L Dextran Hemoglobin concentration >3.0 g/L Fasting 1 min. (4.9%)
DRUG INTERFERENCE:
Decreased values:
cefotaxime, citrates, dextran, dextran 40, fluosol, caproxamine, sulfasalazine, valproic acid
Increased values:
acetylsalicylic acid, amino acids, ampicillin, azlocillin, cephalothin, dextran, dextran 70, phenazopyridine, phenobarbital, fluosol, carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, contrast media, methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, penicillin, primidone, rifampin, salicylazosulfapyridine, sulfasalazine, sulfobromophthalein
RESULTS:
The reference interval depends on sex, age, and determination method. The reference interval is displayed on each validated report.
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