AP (alkaline phosphatase)

DESCRIPTION:
Alkaline phosphatase – Sample Serum, plasma (Na-heparinate) Sample stability is 7 days if stored at +4°C. Alkaline phosphatases are group-specific enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of monoesters of phosphoric acid and alcohol. The optimal pH for enzyme activity is between 9.8 and 10.5, and it depends on the type of substrate and the type of buffer. The enzyme is present mostly in the epithelium of the small intestine, kidney tubules, bones, liver, placenta and leukocytes. AF in the serum of healthy adults mainly originates from the liver, and in the serum of children also from the bones. In various diseases that affect the mentioned organs, there is an increase in the catalytic concentration of AF in the serum.

DETERMINATION:
Colorimetric IFCC method

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:
1) Physiological changes in the catalytic concentration of AF A) Physiological increase in the catalytic activity of alkaline phosphatase During the third trimester of pregnancy, the catalytic activity of alkaline phosphatase is at the top of reference values (normal values). Values return to normal 3-6 weeks after delivery. The increase in the catalytic concentration of alkaline phosphatase in pregnancy is the result of the transfer of AF from the placenta to the serum/plasma and the increase in the liver isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase. B) Physiological decrease in the catalytic activity of alkaline phosphatase Protein-rich child / Exhaustion of the body 2) Pathological changes in the catalytic concentration of AF A) Increased values of the catalytic activity of AF in: Liver diseases / An increase in the catalytic activity of AF is often associated with an increase in the catalytic activity of AST and the concentration of bilirubin. * Significant increase in: Biliary cirrhosis / Crohn’s disease / Infectious jaundice / Cholangitis / Fatty liver / Liver metastasis / Obstructive jaundice / Heart failure. * Moderate increase in: Acute hepatitis / Liver cirrhosis / Chronic hepatitis / Bone diseases * Significant increase in: Cushing’s syndrome / Bone metastasis / Osteogenic sarcoma / Paget’s disease / Bone fracture. * Moderate increase in: Osteomalacia / Rickets / Pancreatic diseases / Acute pancreatitis / Diabetes mellitus (some cases) / Pancreatic cancer / Chronic pancreatitis. Kidney diseases: Renal tubular acidosis / Nephrosis / Rejection of a transplanted kidney / Renal tubular defects. Heart diseases: Myocardial infarction / Acromegaly / Hyperparathyroidism / Hodgkin’s lymphoma / Infectious mononucleosis / Leukemia / Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Enzyme induction: Alcohol / Barbiturates / Phenytoin. Other: Oral contraceptives. B) Reduced values of AF catalytic activity in: Achondroplasia / Hypophosphatemia / Hypothyroidism / Placental insufficiency / Cretinism / Kwashiorkor / Malnutrition / Deposition of radioactive substances in bones / Pernicious anemia / Milk-alkali syndrome / Scurvy / Clofibrate therapy.

RISK FACTORS:
Reduced values:
Zinc Citrates EDTA Fluorides Phosphates Hemoglobin concentration >1.5 g/L Manganese Oxalates Oral contraceptive
Increased values:
Age Fasting 6-8 hours Season: autumn Body position: lying – standing (7%) Postmenopause Obesity (women) Gender

THE EFFECT OF MEDICATIONXQPH14:
Reduced values:
cyanides, cystine, citrates, fluorides, phosphates, glycine, beryllium salts, arsenic compounds, sulfhydryl compounds, theophylline
Increased values:
cefotaxime, ibuprofen, methotrexate, naproxen, nitrofurantoin, pindolol, magnesium salts, sulfobromphthalein

RESULT:
The reference interval depends on age, gender and work method. The reference interval is displayed on each validated result.